DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
36. Definition.-
In this Part, unless the context otherwise
requires, "the State" has the same meaning as in Part III.
37. Application of the principles
contained in this Part.-
The provisions contained in this Part
shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid
down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and
it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.
38. State to secure a social order
for the promotion of welfare of the people.
[(1)] The State shall strive to
promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively
as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political,
shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
[(2) The State
shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and
endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities,
not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing
in different areas or engaged in different vocations.]
39. Certain principles of policy
to be followed by the State.-
The State shall, in particular, direct
its policy towards securing-
(a) that the citizens, men and women equally,
have the right to an adequate means of livelihood;
(b) that the ownership
and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed
as best to subserve the common good;
(c) that the operation of the economic
system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production
to the common detriment;
(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for
both men and women;
(e) that the health and strength of workers, men and
women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens
are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their
age or strength;
(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities
to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity
and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against
moral and material abandonment.
[39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.-
The State
shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal
opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or
schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not
denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.]
40. Organisation of village panchayats.-
The State shall take steps to organise
village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may
be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.
41. Right to work, to education
and to public assistance in certain cases.-
The State shall, within the limits
of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for
securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases
of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases
of undeserved want.
42. Provision for just and humane
conditions of work and maternity relief.-
The State shall make provision for
securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
43. Living wage, etc., for workers.-
The State shall endeavour to secure,
by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to
all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage,
conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment
of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the
State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or
co-operative basis in rural areas.
43A. Participation of workers in
management of industries.-
The State shall take steps, by suitable
legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers
in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations
engaged in any industry.]
44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.-
The State shall endeavour to secure
for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
45. Provision for free and compulsory
education for children.-
The State shall endeavour to provide,
within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution,
for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete
the age of fourteen years.
46. Promotion of educational and
economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker
sections.-
The State shall promote with special
care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the
people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes,
and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
47. Duty of the State to raise the
level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.-
The State shall regard the raising
of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and
the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular,
the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption
except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which
are injurious to health.
48. Organisation of agriculture
and animal husbandry.-
The State shall endeavour to organise
agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and shall,
in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and
prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught
cattle.
48A. Protection and improvement
of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.-
The State shall endeavour to protect
and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life
of the country.]
49. Protection of monuments and
places and objects of national importance.-
It shall be the obligation of the
State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic
interest,[declared by or under law made by Parliament] to be of national
importance, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal
or export, as the case may be.
50. Separation of judiciary from
executive.-
The State shall take steps to separate
the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
51. Promotion of international peace
and security.-
The State shall endeavour to- (a)
promote international peace and security; (b) maintain just and honourable
relations between nations; (c) foster respect for international law and
treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another;
and (d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.